An Integrative Approach to Information from a Peircean Philosophical Perspective

Abstract

Information Science has been characterized by diverse, often fragmented theoretical approaches attempting to address the complexity of the informational phenomenon. In contrast to the pursuit of a unified theory of information proposed by authors such as Hofkirchner (2008), Marijuán (2008), Lara (2008), Gejman (2008), and Marcos (2008)—which offers theoretical characterizations aiming to encompass decision-making, bridge disciplinary boundaries, and deepen the conceptualization of information based on specific patterns—this research proposed the construction of an integrative theory of information. This theory constitutes an integrative approach for explaining and organizing information concepts, grounded in the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce. The central problem guiding this research was the need for a theoretical model capable of conceptualizing information beyond static or reductionist definitions. It necessitates understanding information as a dynamic and polysemic process. In much contemporary discourse, information is often treated simplistically—as isolated data sets, a commodity, or content devoid of meaning. This view is not only limited but also erroneous, as it ignores the complex interactions and interdependencies constituting informational systems, along with the cognitive and communicational processes that imbue them with significance. Information, therefore, is not merely the sum of its elements; it emerges from the interaction between different components forming a complex system of signification, interpretation, and knowledge construction. This intrinsic complexity necessitates moving beyond traditional models and proposing an approach that addresses information in its dynamic essence, avoiding confusion between this dynamism and mere conceptual versatility or ambiguity. This perspective emphasizes that information must be understood as a processual phenomenon occurring within the interrelation of signs, objects, and interpretants. It develops over time through experience and constant interpretation. Consequently, information, in its broadest sense, demands a model that is simultaneously processual and anchored in philosophical realism, capable of capturing the fluidity of informational processes while maintaining a foundation in the objectivity of knowledge.