Limits of traditional feminism and the need for intersectionality

Abstract

Throughout History, gender and racial inequality have been persistent features of human societies, with feminism serving as a foundational force in the pursuit of social justice. However, not all women feel equally represented within the movement. This article critically examines the limitations of traditional feminism, particularly the concept of White Feminism, whose narrative tends to centre on the experiences of white, Western, and culturally Christian women. From a critical reading of All About Love: New Visions, by Bell Hooks, and Niketche: A History of Polygamy, by Paulina Chiziane, as well as testimonies from women who do not identify with mainstream feminist discourse, the article explores how factors such as culture, religion, and socioeconomic context shape distinct forms of oppression and resistance. It argues for an intersectional approach that acknowledges the multiplicity of female experiences and contributes to a more inclusive, representative, and transformative feminism.