O Progresso Económico das Nações no Pensamento Filosófico dos Séculos XVIII e XIX
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.34630/e-rei.vi11.5327Mots-clés :
instituições, crescimento económico, desenvolvimento económico, revolução industrial, igualdade de géneroRésumé
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os contributos fundamentais de seis autores clássicos dos séculos XVIII e XIX (Hume, Smith, Malthus, Ricardo, Stuart Mill e Marx) para a compreensão do processo de crescimento e de desenvolvimento económico das nações. Procedeu-se à devida contextualização dentro da época histórica, do espaço geográfico, da formação e da escola de pensamento de cada autor e concluiu-se que todos estes aspetos estão interligados e associam-se aos respetivos contributos. Para além disso, constatou-se que muitas das variáveis utilizadas nos estudos empíricos da moderna teoria do crescimento económico já estavam presentes nas abordagens feitas pelos autores clássicos. Aqui, o destaque mais notável vai para a importância dada à igualdade de género e aos fluxos migratórios enquanto fatores de relevo para o progresso económico das nações, sobretudo se nos lembramos que só muito recentemente as agendas ortodoxas, política e académica, começaram a olhar atentamente para estes fatores.
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