Rindo rumo à legitimidade: Improvisação cômica e a reorganização de salas de aula multiculturais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34630/e-rei.vi14.7421Palavras-chave:
improvisação cómica, legitimidade em sala de aula, educação dramática multicultural.Resumo
Culturas escolares altamente reguladas tendem, de forma crescente, a equiparar o sucesso académico à correção, à compostura e ao desempenho mensurável em exames, deixando muitos estudantes emocionalmente contidos e avessos ao risco criativo. A educação dramática oferece uma ecologia de aprendizagem alternativa, ancorada na corporeidade, na relação e na produção de sentido; contudo, a comédia permanece pouco teorizada nos principais quadros da educação dramática, sobretudo em contextos do Leste Asiático e de herança confucionista, nos quais o humor pode ser interpretado como desordem ou desrespeito. Este artigo teoriza a improvisação cómica como uma prática pedagógica culturalmente negociável, capaz de reconfigurar a participação em sala de aula por meio de deslocamentos nos regimes de reconhecimento, autoridade e legitimidade expressiva. A partir de uma síntese qualitativa interpretativa de natureza secundária, o estudo mobiliza 42 fontes qualitativas publicadas e 286 unidades de evidência analisáveis, incluindo excertos de interações em sala de aula, reflexões de docentes, vozes discentes, descrições de atividades, manuais de teatro aplicado e documentos de orientação política provenientes do Reino Unido, da Austrália e da China. A análise combina mapeamento temático teórico com mediação cultural-pedagógica, ancorada na concepção de Stuart Hall sobre representação e regulação do sentido e ampliada pela literatura de Teatro Aplicado sobre participação, coautoria e aprendizagem orientada por processos. Os resultados identificam mecanismos interacionais consistentes entre os contextos: o riso coletivo reduz o custo social da exposição; o enquadramento baseado em papéis protege a dignidade e o risco de perda de face; a continuidade orientada pela aceitação sustenta o fluxo criativo; o reparo entre pares converte hesitação e erro em recursos narrativos compartilhados; e vias de entrada multimodais (gesto, coro, jogo com objetos, falas breves) ampliam o acesso de estudantes multilíngues e marginalizados. A comparação intercultural esclarece como normas locais de seriedade e configurações de autoridade moldam os percursos de legitimação de que a comédia necessita, especialmente em ambientes orientados por exames. A principal contribuição do artigo consiste em reformular a improvisação cômica como reorganização semiótica: a competência em sala de aula desloca-se da 3 correção para a responsividade, permitindo que a abertura emocional e a divergência criativa se afirmem como formas legítimas de participação na aprendizagem multicultural.
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