Ethical Challenges in AI-Supported Content Creation and Management in EU Universities

Autores

  • Tatiana Buelvas
  • Rasa Poceviciene

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34630/ctdi.vi.6172

Palavras-chave:

Ethics, Content Creation, Management, Higher Education, AI, GenAI

Resumo

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, characterized by their self-learning capabilities, has transformative implications for society as a whole (Jones, 2023). The growing adoption of AI across different sectors, including education, has urged increased efforts from AI researchers, corporations, leaders and policy makers for the concerns about AI ethics and its risks towards human society (Brown, 2023; Duffy & Maruf, 2023; Future of Life Institute, 2023; Maslej et al., 2023). Some of the AI’s benefits include incremental efficiency in systems management and information, optimized service delivery, and solutions to challenges like public safety, among others. While the potential is great, there are risks to mitigate such as the negative impact on employment, ethical issues, privacy, values, intellectual property and fundamental rights (Celso Cancela, 2024). Due to the previous, governments are actively working for the creation of protocols and regulatory approaches to control the direct or indirect AI developments.

 

This study explores the ethical challenges associated with AI-supported content creation and management within European Universities, focusing on critical risks such as misinformation and plagiarism to mention a few. By employing a theoretical framework grounded in applied social sciences and qualitative research, we provide a foundational understanding of the relationship between AI technologies and ethical considerations in the academic context. The analysis offers actionable insights for educational institutions to navigate these challenges and ensure ethical practices and integrity in content creation and management across the EU.

Referências

Alkaeed, M., Qayyum, A., & Qadir, J. (2024). Privacy preservation in Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality (AI-XR) metaverses: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 103989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103989

Alfaisal, R., Hatem, M., Salloum, A., Saidat, M. R. A., & Salloum, S. A. (2024). Forecasting the acceptance of ChatGPT as educational platforms: An integrated SEM-ANN methodology. In , Vol. 144. Studies in big data (pp. 331–348).

Al-Busaidi, A. S., Raman, R., Hughes, L., Albashrawi, M. A., Malik, T., Dwivedi, Y. K., ... & Walton, P. (2024). Redefining boundaries in innovation and knowledge domains: Investigating the impact of generative artificial intelligence on copyright and intellectual property rights. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100630

Almatrafi, O., Johri, A., & Lee, H. (2024). A Systematic Review of AI Literacy Conceptualization, Constructs, and Implementation and Assessment Efforts (2019-2023). Computers and Education Open, 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100173

Anders, B. A. 2023. Is using ChatGPT cheating, plagiarism, both, neither, or forward thinking? Cambridge, Cell Press. Available on internet: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. patter.2023

Babu, M. A., Yusuf, K. M., Eni, L. N., Jaman, S. M. S., & Sharmin, M. R. (2024). ChatGPT and generation ‘Z’: A study on the usage rates of ChatGPT. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101163

Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, K. S. (2003). Qualitative Research for Education. An Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Bryman, A. (2004). Social Research Methods. New York:Oxford University Press.

Brown, S. (2023). Why neural net pioneer Geoffrey Hinton is sounding the alarm on AI. Ideas Made to Matter. Available on internet: https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/why-neural-net-pioneer-geoffrey-hinton-sounding-alarm-ai

Cha, Y., Dai, Y., Lin, Z., Liu, A., & Lim, C. P. (2024). Empowering university educators to support generative AI-enabled learning: Proposing a competency framework. Procedia CIRP, 128, 256-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2024.06.021

Celso Cancela-Outeda, (2024). The EU’s AI act: A framework for collaborative governance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2024.101291

Celik, I., Dindar, M., Muukkonen, H., & Jarvel ̈ a, ̈ S. (2022). The promises and challenges of artificial intelligence for teachers: A systematic review of research. TechTrends, 66 (4), 616–630.

Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and Research Design. Thousand Oaks: Sage.Duffy, C., & Maruf, R. (2023).

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research: Developments, debates, and dilemmas. Research in organizations: Foundations and methods of inquiry, 2, 315-326.

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Recommendations. https://publicationethics.org/.

Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (European Commission), 2022. Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data in teaching and learning for educators. Available on internet: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d81a0d54-5348-11ed-92ed-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (European Commission), 2022. Tackling R&I foreign interference – Staff working document. Available on internet: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/513746.

Elon Musk warns AI could cause ‘civilization destruction’ even as he invests in it. CNN Business. Available on internet: https://www.cnn.com/202 3/04/17/tech/elon-musk-ai-warning-tucker-carlson/index.html.

Fischer, I., Sweeney, S., Lucas, M., & Gupta, N. (2024). Making sense of generative AI for assessments: Contrasting student claims and assessor evaluations. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101081

Foltynek, T, Bjelobaba, S, Glendinning, I, Khan, Z R, Santos, R, Pavletic, P, Kravjar, J. 2023. ENAI Recommendations on the Ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in Education. International Journal for Educational Integrity 19(12), p. 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00133-4.

Future of Life Institute. (2023). Pause giant AI experiments: An open letter. Available on internet: https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/

Gruenhagen, J. H., Sinclair, P. M., Carroll, J. A., Baker, P. R., Wilson, A., & Demant, D. (2024). The rapid rise of generative AI and its implications for academic integrity: students’ perceptions and use of chatbots for assistance with assessments. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100273

Gupta, P., Ding, B., Guan, C., & Ding, D. (2024). Generative AI: A systematic review using topic modelling techniques. Data and Information Management, 100066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dim.2024.100066

Hu, G. (2023). Challenges for enforcing editorial policies on AI-generated papers. Accountability in Research, 1–3.

Imoniana, J. O., Cornachionne, E., Reginato, L., & Silva, W. L. (2024). Relationships between (Un) known consequences of Artificial Intelligence usage in an organizational or societal context. Procedia Computer Science, 238, 833-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.100

Ivanov, S., Soliman, M., Tuomi, A., Alkathiri, N. A., & Al-Alawi, A. N. (2024). Drivers of generative AI adoption in higher education through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Technology in Society, 77, 102521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102521

Jones K. (2023). AI governance and human rights: Resetting the relationship. Available on internet: http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135492.

Kapustina, O., Burmakina, P., Gubina, N., Serov, N., & Vinogradov, V. (2024). User-friendly and industry-integrated AI for medicinal chemists and pharmaceuticals. Artificial Intelligence Chemistry, 100072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aichem.2024.100072

Kshetri, N., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Janssen, M. (2024). Metaverse for advancing government: Prospects, challenges and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 41(2), 101931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2024.101931

Kaplan, A. (1943). Content analysis and the theory of signs. Philosophy of Science, 10(4), 230-247.

Knoth, N., Decker, M., Laupichler, M. C., Pinski, M., Buchholtz, N., Bata, K., & Schultz, B. (2024). Developing a holistic AI literacy assessment matrix–Bridging generic, domain-specific, and ethical competencies. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100177

Krippendorff, K. (1989). Content analysis. International encyclopedia of communication, 1(1), 403-407.

Lee, J., Alonzo, D., Beswick, K., Oo, C. Z., Anson, D., & Abril, J. M. V. (2024). Data Literacy of Principals in K–12 School Contexts: A Systematic Review. Educational Research Review, 100649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100649

Ma, Q., Crosthwaite, P., Sun, D., & Zou, D. (2024). Exploring ChatGPT literacy in language education: A global perspective and comprehensive approach. Computers and education: Artificial intelligence, 7, 100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100278

Maslej, N., Fattorini, L., Brynjolfsson, E., Etchemendy, J., Ligett, K., Tyons, T., Manyika, J., Ngo, H., Niebles, J., Parli, V., Shoham, Y., Wald, R., Clark, J., & Perrault, R. (2023).

The AI index 2023 annual report. Institute for Human-Centered AI. Available on internet: https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/HAI_AI-Index-Report_2023.pdf

Miao, F, Holmes, W. 2023. Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693.

Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook. sage.

Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basics of social research. Available on internet: https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10270/Basics_of_Social_Research__Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Approaches__2nd_Edition_.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Nietzel. (2023). More than half of college students believe using ChatGPT to complete assignments is cheating. Forbes. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2023/03/20/more-than-half-of-college-students-believe-using-chatgpt-to-complete-assignments-is-cheating/?sh=46c3f77c18f9.

Pozdniakov, S., Brazil, J., Abdi, S., Bakharia, A., Sadiq, S., Gašević, D., ... & Khosravi, H. (2024). Large language models meet user interfaces: The case of provisioning feedback. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100289

Patikimo dirbtinio intelekto gairės 2019, Europos Komisija, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2014_2019/plmrep/COMMITTEES/JURI/DV/2019/11-06/Ethics-guidelines-AI_LT.pdf.

Raman, R., Venugopalan, M., & Kamal, A. (2024). Evaluating human resources management literacy: A performance analysis of ChatGPT and bard. Heliyon, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27026

Rana, N. P., Pillai, R., Sivathanu, B., & Malik, N. (2024). Assessing the nexus of Generative AI adoption, ethical considerations and organizational performance. Technovation, 135, 103064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103064

Rahman, M. M., & Watanobe, Y. (2023). ChatGPT for education and research: Opportunities, threats, and strategies. Applied Sciences, 13(9), 5783.

Russell Group, 2023. Russell Group principles on the use of generative AI tools in education. Cambridge, Russell Group. Available on internet: https://russellgroup.ac.uk/media/6137/rg_ai_principles-final.pdf

Sharma, M., Kaushal, D., & Joshi, S. (2023). Adverse effect of social media on generation Z user’s behavior: Government information support as a moderating variable. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 72, Article 103256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103256

Teo, Z. L., Ning, C. Q. W., Wong, J. L. Y., & Ting, D. (2024). Cybersecurity in the Generative Artificial Intelligence Era. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, 100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100091

Tzirides, A. O. O., Zapata, G., Kastania, N. P., Saini, A. K., Castro, V., Ismael, S. A., ... & Kalantzis, M. (2024). Combining human and artificial intelligence for enhanced AI literacy in higher education. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100184

Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Agyemang Adarkwah, M., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R. and Agyemang, B. What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education? Smart Learning Environments, Vol. 10, No. 15. Berlin, Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x

UNESCO, 2022. Rekomendacija dėl dirbtinio intelekto etikos, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137_lit.

UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. ISBN 978-92-3-100612-8 https://doi.org/10.54675/EWZM9535

Yang, J., Amrollahi, A., & Marrone, M. (2024). Harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence: affordances, constraints, and strategic implications for professional services. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 33(4), 101864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2024.101864

Weber, M. (2017). Methodology of social sciences. Routledge.

Wolf, V., & Maier, C. (2024). ChatGPT usage in everyday life: A motivation-theoretic mixed-methods study. International Journal of Information Management, 79, 102821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2024.102821

Downloads

Publicado

2025-03-11

Como Citar

Buelvas, T., & Poceviciene, R. (2025). Ethical Challenges in AI-Supported Content Creation and Management in EU Universities. Encontros Da Licenciatura Em Ciências E Tecnologias Da Documentação E Informação. https://doi.org/10.34630/ctdi.vi.6172