@article{Eliseu_I_V_P_2023, title={Human Papillomavirus infection: discussion of a clinical case in gynaecological cytology}, url={https://parc.ipp.pt/index.php/citotech/article/view/4925}, DOI={10.26537/citotech.vi7.4925}, abstractNote={<p>Human Papilloma Virus infections are a public health problem worldwide. Annually, and associated with cervical cancer, persistent infections by oncogenic strains are responsible for millions of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in women. Cytology plays a fundamental role in identifying these lesions, since both conventional smears and liquid-base cytology exams stand as an essential preventive<br />measure. In addition to their low cost and easy access, these tests allow the detection of pre-neoplastic lesions in asymptomatic women, so that they can receive adequate treatment and prevent the lesions from progressing to cancer. However, the attribution of a cytological diagnosis is not always simple, and differentials must be considered by the cytologist to avoid misinterpretation. This article presents a clinical case of a 70-year-old woman who underwent a conventional cervical-vaginal smear and in which it was possible to observe an atrophic epithelium with the presence of atypical cells. This type of epithelium can<br />make differential diagnosis with cervical lesions, namely with high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), therefore, it is important to identify and discuss the cytomorphological characteristics used for attribution of the cytological result. </p>}, number={7}, journal={Citotech Online - Case Review}, author={Eliseu, C and I, Murça and V, Sousa and P, Agapito}, year={2023}, month={Jan.}, pages={1–6} }